How To Create A Test Plan (Steps, Examples, & Template)

In software development, a test plan defines your testing team’s test strategy, goals, and scope, which ultimately work together to ensure that all your software components are tested sufficiently before a release. 

Follow these six steps to create an efficient test plan:

1. Define the release scope
2. Schedule timelines 
3. Define test objectives
4. Determine test deliverables
5. Design the test strategy
6. Plan test environment and test data

How to create a test plan

1. Define the release scope

Before any test activity occurs, it’s important to define the scope of testing for your release. This means defining the features or functions that need to be included in the release, considering any constraints and dependencies that can affect the release, and determining what type of release it is.

Examples of questions to ask when defining the release scope include: 

• Are there new features being released in this version? 
• What are the risk areas?
• Are there any particularly sticky areas where you’ve seen regressions in the past?
• What type of release is it? Is this a maintenance release that includes bug fixes? Is this a minor feature release? Is this a major feature release?
• What does being “done” actually look like for your team?

For example, what information would you require if your organization has just launched a new e-commerce site and wants to test it before it launches?

Whether it’s talking with the developers to understand the scope of the project, or working with a product manager to walkthrough new functionalities and user flow, defining the scope ensures that accurate information is being shared and that there is a common understanding of the product’s goals, expectations, and features.

2. Schedule timelines 

Specify release deadlines to help you decide your testing time and routine. Here are some pointers for determining timelines:

• Consult your project manager to understand the current release timeline.
• Look at past release times and schedules.
• Consider extraneous elements: Does the release need to coincide with outside variables, such as conferences or events? Factor those into your release date prediction.
• Consider the timeframes for development: Your development team might have a set schedule for finishing development work. Make sure you comprehend that timeframe so you can adjust the testing schedule.
• Add some extra wiggle room: It’s common to encounter unexpected delays. Including extra time for unforeseen events can help you stick to your plan.
• Review and update the schedule frequently to ensure the test timetable is attainable.

3. Define test objectives

A test objective is a reason or purpose for designing and executing a test. These objectives ultimately help guide and define the scope of testing activities.

Examples of general test objectives include:

• Identifying and reporting defects
• Testing new features
• A certain level of test coverage

Examples of objectives for specific types of testing include:

• Functional testing objectives: Ensure the software works as it should. Examples of goals for this objective include: Validating user workflows, data processing, and verifying input/output parameters.
• Performance testing objectives: Ensure the software is efficient and can handle various loads. Examples of goals for this objective include: Verifying software reaction time, throughput, and scalability.
• Security testing objectives: Uncover program security flaws. Examples of goals for this objective include: Verifying authentication and authorization features and identifying potential threats.
• Usability testing objectives: Concentrate on ease of use and user experience. Examples of goals for this objective include: Validating software accessibility, verifying user flow, and identifying user-related issues.

Measure testing with the right metrics

Metrics assess the overall quality of a release, the progress of your testing, and the effectiveness of your testing (for a particular test cycle or the entirety of your testing). 

They provide visibility into your testing process and overall product quality, ultimately helping your team decide if your release is ready to ship. Here are some metric formulas you might consider:

Defect Density

• Defect Density = Defect count/size of the release (lines of code)

Example: If your software has 150 defects and 15,000 lines of code, its defect density is 0.01 defects per line of code.

Test Coverage

• Test Coverage = (Total number of requirements mapped to test cases / Total number of requirements) x 100.

Defect Detection Efficiency (DDE)

• DDE = The percentage of defects detected during a phase / Total number of defects

Time to Market

• TTM = The time it takes for your company to go from idea to product launch

4. Determine test deliverables

Test deliverables are the products of testing that help track testing progress. Deliverables should meet your project’s and client’s needs, be identified early enough to be included in the test plan, and be scheduled accordingly. There are different test deliverables at every phase of the software development lifecycle. Here are important deliverables to focus on before, during, and after testing: 

Before testing

• Test plan document: The scope, objectives, and approach of the testing endeavor are all outlined in the test plan.
• Test suite: Test cases illustrate how to run a test, including input data, expected output, and pass/fail criteria.
• Test design and environment specifications: The test environment outlines the hardware and software configurations used for testing.

During testing

• Test log: The test log records each test case’s results, including issues and resolutions.
• Defect report: A defect report lists testing issues by severity, priority, and reproducibility.
• Test data: According to the International Software Testing Qualifications Board (ISTQB), test data is data created or selected to satisfy the execution preconditions and input content required to execute one or more test cases.
• Test summary report: The test summary report lists the number of tests run, passed, and failed, as well as open defects.

After testing

• Test completion report: Covers the testing scope, product quality, and lessons discovered.
• User acceptance test (UAT) report: Points to any issues found and fixed.
• Release notes: List information about what the release includes. Examples include any new features for development, advancements, or fixes. 

A test plan’s content and structure differ depending on its context. Although there isn’t one cookie-cutter way to write a test plan, following best practices for test plan development can help companies deliver high-quality software. 

TestRail is test plan software designed to make it easy to follow best practices for test plan development. In TestRail, you can enter test cases with preconditions, test instructions, expected results, priorities, and effort estimates. 

This level of flexibility and visibility into your testing process makes TestRail an easy fit into any organization’s test plan — Try TestRail for free to see how it can help with your test planning. Or, learn more about how to build and optimize your testing processes—from test design to test planning and execution with this free TestRail Academy course, Fundamentals of Testing with TestRail.

Image: Organize and structure reusable test cases in folders, create agile test plans, and track test execution progress in TestRail.

5. Design the test strategy

Test strategy helps determine test cost, test effort, and which features will be in-scope (planned to be tested) versus out-of-scope (not planned to be tested).

Identify testing types

It is critical to identify when to perform what type of testing, what should be tested manually vs. automated, the scope of automated tests, how much work will be required to create new test cases, and who will be doing that work. 

Depending on several factors, there may be various types of testing to include in your test plan. 

Examples of factors to consider when choosing the right testing type to perform include:

• Test objectives
• Your project’s feature requirements
• The complexity of your product
• Your team’s experience levels
• Regulatory requirements
• Time and budget

Here are commonly used types of testing to consider including in your test plan:

Document risks and issues

It’s essential to document risks that may occur during testing and the effect of these risks. Risks can include: 

• Strict deadlines
• Insufficient or inaccurate budget estimates
• Poor management
• Problems with the code
• Changes in the business environment
• Limited resources for testing
• Unexpected delays during testing

Document test logistics

Test logistics should answer the “Who, what, where, when, and how.” Documenting test logistics ensures that all human and system-related testing resources are available. For example, it may be important that your team identifies who is available to do testing and who will support them if needed during testing. Moreover, when resource planning, it can be helpful to identify alternative resources or build slack into your plan to ensure your project gets completed.

Establish test criteria

Test Criteria is a standard that regulates all activities within a testing project. The two main types of test criteria include suspension and exit criteria. 

• Suspension Criteria: Establishes the conditions for suspending all tests.
• Exit Criteria: Exit criteria are established items or goals to complete that define the end of a test phase. The exit criteria of a test are the predetermined results that must be achieved to move on to the next testing phase. For example, 92% of all critical test cases must pass before a feature can be deemed suitable for release to your customers.

6. Plan the test environment and test data

Planning a test environment guarantees precise and robust testing. The test environment includes hardware, software, and network configurations for software testing. Follow these procedures to set up the test environment:

• Determine your hardware and program requirements: Select test environment devices and software, including operating systems, browsers, databases, and testing tools.
• Install the required software: Once prerequisites are established, install the necessary tools on the test environment. This may require setting up a separate server to host the application and installing a database management system or other tools.
• Configure the network: Make sure that firewall protocols, IP addresses, and DNS settings, among other network configurations, are identical between the test and production environments.
• Create the test data: Prepare the test material for the application’s testing. Test data can be created manually with data from the production environment, retrieved from an existing production environment and database, or created via automated Data Generation Tools.
• Access the builds: Ensure that the builds that the testers will be testing are accessible. One example is setting up a file-sharing or version control system to allow testers access to the most current builds.
• Verify the test environment: After setting it up, check that your test environment fulfills the requirements.

Key elements of a test plan

1. Test plan ID and title: A unique identifier and name for easy reference.
   
2. Introduction and objective: Purpose of the test effort and high-level goals.
   
3. Scope of testing: Clearly defines what’s included and excluded from the test effort.
   
4. Test objectives and approach: Describes specific testing goals and methodologies (manual, automated, risk-based, etc.).
   
5. Test schedule and milestones: Timeline for key phases such as planning, execution, bug triage, and closure.
   
6. Test environment setup: Hardware, software, tools, and configurations required to execute testing.
   
7. Resources and responsibilities: Who is involved, their roles, and who owns what across the test cycle.
   
8. Test deliverables: The testing artifacts to be produced (e.g., test cases, reports, logs).
   
9. Entry and exit criteria: Preconditions to start and end testing phases (e.g., % of test cases passed).
   
10. Risks and mitigation strategies: Identifies potential blockers and how to proactively manage them.

One-page test plan template with examples

1. Introduction

Purpose/executive summary: Briefly describe the objective of the test plan.
Example: “To validate the functionality and performance of the new checkout flow before release.”

2. Scope of Testing

• In Scope: [Modules/features to be tested]
• Out of Scope: [Items/features not covered in this test cycle]

3. Test Objectives

• List specific goals, e.g., Validate login authentication, Ensure cross-browser compatibility.

4. Testing Approach

• Methodologies: [e.g., Manual, Automated, Risk-Based, Agile Testing]
• Types of Testing: [e.g., Functional, Regression, Usability, Performance]
• Tools Used: [e.g., TestRail, Selenium, JMeter]

5. Test Schedule

6. Test Environment

• Hardware/Software: [e.g., Windows 11, Chrome 124, iOS 17]
• Staging URL or App Version: [Insert here]
• Test Data Sources: [e.g., Mock data, anonymized production data]

7. Resources & Responsibilities

8. Risks & Mitigation

9. Test Deliverables

• List of key artifacts to be created or reviewed throughout the test effort:

10. Entry & Exit Criteria

• Entry: Code complete, environment stable, test cases reviewed
• Exit: 95% test case pass rate, no critical/severe open bugs

If your test plan doesn’t fit onto one page, don’t worry. The intention is to minimize extraneous information and capture the necessary information that your stakeholders and testers need to execute the plan.

When and how to update your test plan

A good test plan isn’t static. It should evolve alongside your project. Consider updating your test plan at the following points:

• After scope or requirement changes: If new features are added, removed, or re-prioritized, revise your in-scope/out-of-scope items and objectives.
• When bugs change your testing focus: If major bugs shift the testing timeline or focus area, document those changes in your plan.
• During sprint retrospectives: In Agile environments, reflect after each sprint or test cycle to adjust coverage, tools, or timelines.
• When adding or removing team members: Update the “Resources & Responsibilities” section to reflect new ownership or bandwidth shifts.
• At the start of a new phase or release: Carry forward key learnings and update your exit/entry criteria as needed for the next milestone.
  

Tip: Use a tool like TestRail to maintain the version history of your test plans and track updates across releases.

Common mistakes to avoid in test planning

Even experienced teams can overlook certain test planning essentials. Here are some frequent pitfalls to watch for:

• Skipping collaboration with stakeholders: A test plan created in a vacuum can miss key product details or release dependencies.
• Overlooking risk assessment: Failing to evaluate risk areas can lead to misallocated testing efforts and surprise bugs late in the cycle.
• Not aligning test timelines with dev schedules: If development overruns aren’t accounted for, testing may get compressed or rushed.
• Writing overly detailed or too vague plans: Plans that are too long may not be read; plans that are too short may not be actionable.
• Not planning for test data or environment setup: These often take longer than expected and can block the start of test execution.
• Failing to update the plan as scope changes: Agile teams must treat test plans as living documents that evolve with the product.
• Agile teams must treat test plans as living documents that evolve with the product.

Test planning in a test management tool

Test management tools can help your team with their test planning efforts. Whether your goal is to be more agile or accelerate test planning, there are tactical approaches to making a comprehensive and agile test plan with a test management tool like TestRail.

1. Milestones

In TestRail, milestones are containers for aggregating test artifacts and tracking different testing activities related to the same outcome. For example, if you create a milestone in TestRail to keep track of a release and connect all of the related test runs and test plans, then you can see all of the different activities you will do for that release in one location.

Image: Manage all your milestones and ongoing test projects in TestRail.

Within TestRail’s milestones, the description field provides a great place to build a one-page test plan. By having all of your test plan information connected to the milestone from the beginning, you can constantly refer back to it as you are planning and ask yourself questions such as, “What was in scope?” “What was out of scope?” “What are we testing or not testing?” and “Are we going to do automated testing in this milestone?” 

Milestones give you an efficient way to quickly refer back to your test plan information from within your actual test management tool.

2. Test case priority and type

Test cases define what you will test beforehand; essentially, they outline what you will do before you do it. In TestRail, you can organize test cases based on many hierarchies. This is a key way to start building your test plan.

For example, if you’re developing an advanced messaging app, the highest risk area to your app is that it has to be able to be installed and run. In this example, you might start with that as your smoke test and then do more in-depth functional or exploratory testing.

By capturing test case priority and what type of testing approach you plan to take with a particular test case ahead of time, you are starting to think about planning that test case in practice. 

Image: Effortlessly manage everything from individual test runs to establishing a test case approval process and organize your TestRail test case repository based on priority.

3. Test Reports

Using a test management tool like TestRail for your test execution is beneficial because you can use real-time reports. For example, if you built your plan out in TestRail and you’re executing around that plan, a report like TestRail’s milestone summary report is going to show you your initial test objectives, your initial one-page test plan, all the test runs and plans added within that milestone, the priority you assigned to them, and more. You can also download reports to share with your team or other stakeholders. 

Image: Make data-driven decisions faster with test analytics and reports that give you the full picture of your quality operations.

 As projects become more complex, using spreadsheets as test plan templates can become unwieldy, and a more sophisticated approach is needed. Use a test management tool like TestRail to make your test plans as flexible as possible.

Test Plan FAQs